Ibintu by'ingenzi muguhitamo Turbocharger

Guhitamo turbocharger ikwiye kuri moteri yawe ikubiyemo ibitekerezo byinshi.

Ntabwo ari ukuri gusa kuri moteri yawe yihariye irakenewe, ariko kimwe ningirakamaro ni ugukoresha iyo moteri. Uburyo bwingenzi kuri ibi bitekerezo ni imitekerereze ifatika. Muyandi magambo, niba urimo kwishyuza moteri igereranwa kuri 200 hp muburyo busanzwe bwifuzwa, birashoboka ko wifuza ko itanga 600 hp. Ariko, ibyo birashobora kuba bidashoboka imbere yinyongera yikusanyamakuru uteganya gukora. Niba ushaka imbaraga nziza ziyongera kumihanda yose itwara ibinyabiziga, kwiyongera kwa 50 ku ijana birashoboka kandi guhuza turbo kururu rwego rwo kwiyongera bizatanga ibisubizo bishimishije. Kwiyongera kwingufu 300 kwijana (200 kugeza 600 hp) birashoboka muri moteri nyinshi, ariko kwiyongera nkibyo bigenewe moteri yipiganwa ifite ibice byinshi byahinduwe, haba imbere ndetse no hanze, byose bikorana kugirango bigere kuri uru rwego rwimbaraga. Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi muguhitamo turbocharger ikwiye cyane nukuzirikana imbaraga zawe zifarashi. Ariko ugomba gushyira mu gaciro kubyo urasa.

Gusaba no gukoresha ibinyabiziga ni ngombwa cyane. Imodoka ya autocross, kurugero, isaba kuzamuka byihuse kugirango umuvuduko wihuse, mugihe imodoka ya Bonneville ikora ingendo ndende ireba cyane imbaraga zamafarashi kumuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri. Imodoka Indy ikunze guhindura turbo kumurongo mugufi n'inzira ndende kubera uburyo umukino wa turbo ari ngombwa kugirango uhindure umuvuduko kuri moteri yihariye n'umuvuduko. Gukurura porogaramu zishobora kubona umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri neza mugitangira amarushanwa, kandi uko gukurura bigenda bitera imbere, umutwaro uragenda wiyongera cyane nka feri yoroheje kugeza igihe moteri iremerewe cyane no gukurura sikeli. Iyi mikoreshereze itandukanye isaba guhuza turbo zitandukanye.

Ijambo Volumetric Efficiency, cyangwa VE, ni ijambo ryingenzi cyane nigitekerezo cyo gusobanukirwa. Kugabanya moteri VE izamura birashoboka imbaraga zimbaraga na RPM. Usibye lisansi noguhindura, ibyinshi mubisanzwe nyuma yanyuma ya moteri ikora cyane moteri ya moteri cyane izamura moteri ya VE. Kwinjira mu kirere ku gahato byose ni ukongera VE. Ariko Ubushobozi bwa Volumetric niki?

VE ya moteri ni igereranya rya moteri yabazwe, cyangwa theoretical, umuvuduko wikigereranyo cyumuyaga, nubushobozi bwacyo. Moteri ifite icyerekezo gihamye, kurugero, santimetero 300. Uku kwimura bizatemba 300 ci buri moteri ya moteri ebyiri (moteri ya bine igomba kuzunguruka kabiri kugirango silinderi zose zuzuze inzinguzingo enye). Mubyigisho, hashobora kubaho umurongo ujyanye no gutembera kwikirere na moteri RPM aho gukuba kabiri impinduramatwara kumunota byikuba kabiri umwuka wimuwe na moteri. Niba moteri yarashoboye gutembera neza nkumwuka mwinshi mugihe cyo gukora nkuko kubara theoretical ivuga ko bishoboka, iyo moteri yaba ifite VE ya 100%. Ariko, mubyukuri ibyo ntibikunze kubaho.

Mugihe hariho moteri zimwe zigera ku ijana ku ijana cyangwa hejuru ya VE, inyinshi ntabwo. Hariho ibintu byinshi bibangamira ubushobozi bwa moteri kugirango ibashe gukora 100% yububasha bwa volumetric, bimwe nkana, bimwe bidashoboka. Kurugero inzu isukuye ikirere hamwe na filteri bizabangamira gufata umwuka, ariko ntushaka gukoresha moteri yawe utayungurura umwuka.

Impamvu turubarike ifite ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya moteri irashobora kumvikana neza ukoresheje iki gitekerezo cyo gukora neza. Muri moteri ya turubarike, igihe kiracyagabanya igihe valve yo gufungura ifunguye, ariko niba umuvuduko wo gufata urenze umuvuduko wikirere (wongerewe imbaraga), noneho dushobora guhatira ubwinshi bwumwuka mwinshi mugihe cyo gufungura valve. Ubwiza bwuwo mwuka butezimbere hagamijwe gutwikwa kuko ubwinshi bwabwo nabwo bwiyongereye. Gukomatanya imbaraga zo kongera ingufu hamwe nubucucike bwikirere byishyura ibintu bigabanya igihe cyibintu bya valve kandi bigatuma moteri yazamuye igera kuri 100% VE. Ariko mugihe cyo kugwiza imbaraga zose zamafarasi, ndetse na moteri ya turbuclifike izungukirwa nibyinshi mubikorwa bimwe byanonosowe byakozwe kugirango tuzamure VE kuri moteri isanzwe yifuzwa.

Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, moteri yatanzwe izaba ifite VE nziza cyangwa mbi kuri bande ya RPM. Buri moteri izaba ifite ahantu heza, niyo ngingo mugushushanya moteri aho, kuri trottle yuzuye, imikorere ya volumetric iri murwego rwo hejuru. Nubusanzwe aho ingingo ya peque izaboneka kumurongo wa torque. Kubera ko VE izaba iri hejuru cyane, ingufu za peteroli nyinshi cyangwa BSFC, zapimwe mubiro bya lisansi kuri mbaraga zinguvu, kumasaha, nazo zizaba ziri hejuru cyane. Iyo ubaze guhuza turbo ikwiye, VE nikintu cyingenzi tugomba gusuzuma, kuko ni umusanzu wingenzi mukumenya ibyifuzo byumuyaga wa moteri runaka.

ShanghaiSHOU YUANni inararibonyeutanga ibicuruzwa bya nyuma ya turbocharger n'ibice, yakwegereye abakiriya benshi baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye kumasoko mpuzamahanga. Hariho abakiriya benshi banyurwa nibicuruzwa byacu kandi bakagura buri kwezi. Uburambe bwimyaka 20 mubikorwa bya turbo birashobora kuguha ibicuruzwa byiza kandi byitondewe nyuma yo kugurisha. Dufite ibyiciro byinshi byibicuruzwa, harimoturbine, compressor ibiziga, inzu ya compressor, CHRA, nibindi rero, urashobora kutwandikira niba ushaka ibice byose bya turbocharger.